{"id":147,"date":"2019-02-26T15:05:23","date_gmt":"2019-02-26T15:05:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibshypo.com\/?page_id=147"},"modified":"2019-04-10T18:29:23","modified_gmt":"2019-04-10T18:29:23","slug":"magnesium-and-smooth-muscle","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ibshypo.com\/index.php\/magnesium-and-smooth-muscle\/","title":{"rendered":"Magnesium and Smooth Muscle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The following video gives an excellent introduction to smooth muscle.   There&#8217;s no need to understand all the details, just get a feel for the general process and in particular the section on &#8216;myogenic activity&#8217; &#8211;  smooth muscle is able to contract without input from the nervous system. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube aligncenter wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"730\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WA5ybT8Xtj8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3>Smooth Muscle Contraction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Smooth muscle contracts when calcium ions (Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>) enter the smooth muscle cell in response to a nerve impulse or a hormonal signal.&nbsp; Magnesium and calcium are both divalent cations with very similar properties; they are also mutual antagonists.&nbsp; Specifically, the threshold at which calcium enters the smooth muscle cell is determined by the level of magnesium ions (Mg<sup>2+<\/sup>) in the blood (free extracellular Mg). &nbsp;As free magnesium levels fall the threshold for smooth muscle contraction falls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Similarly, the level of Mg<sup>2+<\/sup> within the cell (intracellular Mg) also determines the threshold for smooth muscle contraction as the two divalent cations compete for binding sites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-light-green-cyan-background-color\">If free extracellular or intracellular magnesium levels are low there will be abnormal smooth muscle contraction.&nbsp; Magnesium modulates smooth muscle contraction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">NMDA receptors convey signals to smooth muscle in addition to their function in visceral pain and the enteric nervous system. We next look at <a href=\"http:\/\/ibshypo.com\/index.php\/mangesium-and-nmda-receptors\/\">Magnesium and NMDA Receptors<\/a>.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The following video gives an excellent introduction to smooth muscle. There&#8217;s no need to understand all the details, just get a feel for the general process and in particular the section on &#8216;myogenic activity&#8217; &#8211; smooth muscle is able to contract without input from the nervous system. Smooth Muscle Contraction Smooth muscle contracts when calcium [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibshypo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibshypo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibshypo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibshypo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibshypo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=147"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/ibshypo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1546,"href":"https:\/\/ibshypo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/147\/revisions\/1546"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibshypo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}